हमारे देश की सूचना एवं प्रसारण मंत्री श्रीमती अम्बिका सोनी ने कल दिनांक ०३/०८/२०११ को संसद भवन के बाहर वक्तव्य दिया की ` राजीव गाँधी ट्रस्ट को जमीन देने पर मचा बवाल न्यूज़ चैनलों के दुश्प्राचार की वजह से हो रहा हे इन चैनलों ने बिना कुछ जाने,पता किये विवाद को प्रसारित कर संशय की स्थिति पैदा की `
उनका यह कथन सिर्फ एक STATEMENT न होकर एक सन्देश हे की ` देश मैं जन प्रसारण माध्यम आकाशवाणी और दूरदर्शन की आवश्यकता अत्याधिक हे`. आज आवश्यकता है इसे और शसक्त करने की, जिससे यह भारत निर्माण मैं प्रमुख भूमिका निभा सके.

List of Questions in -LOK SABHA

Amendments in Prasar Bharati Act
283. DR. SANJEEV GANESH
NAIK:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING

be pleased to state:
(a) whether a Group-of-Ministers
(GoM) has been set up to consider
proposed changes that can ensure more
equitable division of powers between the
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of
Prasar Bharati and the political authorities
without curtailing the independence of the
broadcaster;
(b) if so, the main suggestions, made by
the GoM;
(c) whether in view of the
recommendations made by the GoM, the
Government has decided to amend the
Prasar Bharati Act;
(d) if so, the details of the proposed
amendments and the time by which these
are likely to be introduced; and
(e) the extent to which it would be
effective in providing checks and balances
in Prasar Bharati?

337. SHRI KABINDRA
PURKAYASTHA:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING

be pleased to state:
(a) whether any action has been taken
so far by the Government against the erring
officials involved in irregularities and
corruption connected with the broadcasting
of the XIX Commonwealth Games, 2010
on the basis of findings of report of a high
level probe panel constituted by the
Government;
(b) if so, the details thereof;
(c) if not, the reasons therefor; and
(d) the total loss suffered by the
Government with regard to broadcasting
contract alongwith the reasons therefor?

Setting up of FM Radio Stations
379. SHRI DARA SINGH
CHAUHAN:
SHRI DATTA MEGHE:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING

be pleased to state:
(a) the number of FM radio stations set
up/functional in the country, State-wise and
location-wise;
(b) whether the Government proposes
to launch new FM Radio stations/services
in other parts of the country;
(c) if so, the details thereof, State-wise
and location-wise;
(d) the total expenditure likely to be
incurred for setting up of these new FM
radio stations/services, State-wise and
location-wise; and
(e) the time by which new FM radio
stations/services are likely to be functional?

Service Tax paid by AIR
360. SHRI MANICKA TAGORE:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING
lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k ea=h
be pleased to state:
(a) whether the All India Radio (AIR) is
liable to pay service taxes to the
Government;
(b) if so, whether the AIR has paid the
service tax during the last three years and
the current year;
(c) if so, the details thereof; and
(d) if not, the reasons therefor?

Auction of FM Radio
336. SHRI MANISH TEWARI:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING

be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has decided
to auction FM radio stations in cities and
towns across the country;
(b) if so, the number of such radio
stations the Government proposes to
auction across the country, State-wise;
(c) the system of auction that the
Government intends to follow;
(d) whether the system of auction is
different from the previous one;
(e) if so, the reasons therefor;
(f) the details of revenue likely to be
mobilised by the Government through the
auction of radio stations;
(g) whether the Government view the
auction of these radio stations as a revenue
generation exercise thereby underscoring
that Public Revenue is synonymous with
public interest; and
(h) if so, the details thereof?

Digitalization of Transmitters and
Studios
393. SHRIMATI J. SHANTHA:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING

be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has
proposed to initiate a scheme for
Digitalisation of Transmitters and Studios
in Doordarshan/All India Radio network in
the country;
(b) if so, the details thereof;

Clearance of Feature Films and TV
Serials
†383. SHRI KACHHADIA
NARANBHAI:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING
lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k ea=h
be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has any
policy/prescribed guidelines for selection
and screening of feature films, Television
serials and other programmes in various
languages for television and Doordarshan
channels;
(b) if so, the details thereof;
(c) whether any empowered groups
have been constituted by the Government/
Prasar Bharati for the purpose;
(d) if so, the details thereof;
(e) the details of films and TV serials
cleared by the said groups during each of
the last three years and the current year;
and
(f) the number of films and serials still
pending with the Government for clearance
so far?

Quality of Programmes on AIR
†400. SHRI BHOOPENDRA SINGH:
Will the Minister of INFORMATION
AND BROADCASTING

be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has
adopted any mechanism to ascertain the
quality of programmes being produced and
relayed by the All India Radio (AIR)
stations including State level ones;
(b) if so, the details thereof;
(c) if not, the reasons therefor;
(d) whether the Government has
received any complaints/representations
regarding favouring of certain artists/
persons in airing maximum number of their
programmes in some AIR stations including
Madhya Pradesh; and
(e) if so, the details thereof and the action
taken thereon?

IP CAMERA FUNDAMENTAL

IP camera means Internet Protocol camera. This is a digital camera used for surveillance and are able to send receive data over computer network and internet. . Although most cameras that do this are known as webcam and term ”IP” is usually applied to those used for surveillance.

There are two kinds of IP cameras:

• Centralized IP cameras, which require a central Network Video Recorder (NVR) to handle the recording, video and alarm management.
• Decentralized IP cameras, do not require a central Network Video Recorder (NVR), as the cameras have recording functionality built-in and can thus record directly to digital storage media, such as flash drives, hard disk drives or network attached storage.

The benefits of IP-based networked CCTV are significant compared to traditional analog

Systems. However, below explains that the real benefit of IP video can only be realized if

the solution is based on a truly Distributed Architecture. This article discusses the serious scalability problems which arise when an IP-CCTV system is based on Centralized architecture and how a Distributed Architecture delivers a flexible and scalable solution than can lead to system being deployed across sites, cities and countries.

Storing IP Video Data

There are typically two different methods to store an IP Video system. A centralized Architecture uses a master database usually located in the central control room or head office. A distributed architecture spreads the data around the Security Management System generally keeping it close to where it is produced or needed.

The stored data can be divided into two type-

1-      Configuration data

2-      Live data

Configuration data is site information specifying the design and make-up of the security system. Example of configuration data include list of camera, list of users, user permission, site structure, map representing the layout of the system and licensing information. After the initial installation and commissioning stages of a Security Management system, configuration data is not changed. It is however routinely accessed by operators e.g. when logging in to the system.

On the other hand the Live data is typically CCTV video recording and alarm information. Live data is accessed continuously during normal Security Management operation either by device recording the data or operators reviewing the data.

Configuration data is usually held in a database called the Site Database. This makes it easy for administrators to make and manage changes; however it also creates a problem. When an administrator makes a change to the Site Database how do the users, distributed throughout the Security Management system, get the change?

The obvious and easy solution is to have the Site Database held centrally on a master database server and have all users access the master server over the network. This is called a centralized architecture. Many systems use a centralized architecture for storing more than just configuration data. They may also use it for storing live data such as video recordings or alarm data.

Centralized Architecture

Figure 1 shows a Security Management system consisting of one or more sites each with its own Local Area Network (LAN) connected to a central office. The central office is also where the Central File Server is located, hosting the Site Database. Also in the central office are Network Video Recorders (NVRs) for recording CCTV video and alarm data.

 Figure 1: Typical Centralized Architecture

A centralized architecture causes four major problems:

1. Cost - All users continuously communicate with the central office. On a LAN that means buying expensive high-end switches and on a Wide Area Network (WAN) it means using up precious bandwidth.

2. Reliability and Resilience - What happens when the WAN or core LAN     switch breaks?  Remote users can be left stranded with no access to the live and recorded video from cameras which are actually located locally to them on a working LAN.

3. Single point of failure - What happens if the server hosting the Site Database fails? All users of the system rely on access to the Site Database. For example, to get login credentials verified or license permissions checked. If the Site Database server fails, the whole Security Management system goes down.

4. Scalability - As more cameras and users get added to each remote office and as more remote offices get added to the network, everything gets congested. The local LAN’s, WAN links and Central Server all get congested coping with increasing levels of traffic checking for Site Database changes, valid licensing and storing recordings and alarms.

Distributed Architecture

 Figure 2: Typical Distributed Architecture

Distributing Configuration Data

To distribute configuration data, each remote workstation can keep a local cache of the Site Database. Configuration data does not change very frequently. This means the information can be synchronized between the Central Server and the remote workstations either according to a managed schedule or on demand when a change happens.

In the event that the Central Server, a core LAN switch or the WAN fails, users at workstations can continue to work using their locally cached Site Database.

Distributing Licensing Data

Rather than holding license information centrally in the Central Server, individual components of the Management system can hold their own licenses.  For example, cameras can hold information in their on-board memory about allowed viewing and recording resolutions, or allowed frame rates. They can also hold information on which features are enabled such as advanced motion analytic.

Such a model, where the sources of the valuable data (the cameras and recorders) contain their own licenses, means that the cameras and recorders never need to talk to the Central Server. Because the data sources have their own distributed licenses, this frees up the data viewing applications, running on each workstation, from requiring any license at all.  An operator can’t view video if the camera or recorder won’t let him. This means none of the workstations need to check licensing conditions with the Central Server.

Distributing Live Data

Rather than continuously streaming recording and alarm data back from the remote sites to the central site across the WAN, it would be much better to keep the data locally on the LAN. One or more local NVRs at each remote site would reduce traffic across the WAN and allow users at the remote sites to access recordings and alarms even when the WAN is not available.

Of course the central office is often where alarm management happens across the whole Security Management system so users in the central office can still access the remote NVRs in the event of an alarm or incident investigation. Usually when this happens they only need to playback or export certain portions of video from certain cameras and don’t need to access the full 24×7 recordings that have been made of all cameras at the remote site. Less then 0.1% of video ever gets looked at, so why waste valuable WAN bandwidth unnecessarily? Just use the WAN to restore the pertinent recorded video data when required.

Enterprise IP CCTV Systems

A distributed architecture is a fundamental requirement for large enterprise systems with thousands of cameras spread across many locations. Sometimes these locations will be geographically dispersed across sites, cities or even countries e.g. a large corporation city surveillance, rail network or road system. Sometimes there may be one large location with a high density of cameras split into different groups of cameras e.g. casinos or airports. Even though it is a fundamental requirement for enterprise systems, it is still important for smaller systems. Figure 3 shows a typical layout of a large distributed Security Management system.

 Figure 3: Large Distributed Security Management System

Large systems will also usually have a central control room from where the whole system can be monitored. Some systems will have several central control rooms. The entire network is linked by a WAN, which may use leased lines, wireless connections, DSL connections, satellite links and even the public Internet.

Under a distributed architecture, each location or group of cameras has a local file server and all workstations at that location have local caches. The master configuration database is held in a central control room on a central server. Each location will also have a local file server. The local file servers are all synchronized with the central master database.

At each location, individual workstations communicate only to their local file server, never to the central server in the main control room. In addition, each workstation each workstation maintains a local cache of the configuration data. Also, each location has sufficient local local storage in the form of NVRs to record all the locally produced video and alarm data, reducing the traffic on the WAN.

If the central server fails or the WAN link breaks, operators always have local caches of the Site. Database so they can still access any devices on their LAN. In addition, by distributing the recording capability, operators local to an incident will always have access to live video, recorded video and alarm data for their local cameras, even if communication with the central office is down.

Summary

System designers and end-users should ensure that when choosing an IP Video platform for their security system it is based on a distributed solution, otherwise the lack of scalability may hinder future expansion and the single point of failure could lead to unreliable operation.